Will the new right to
be forgotten and the principle of privacy by design stifle innovation or
protect our fundamental rights?
A landmark judgement by the European Court of Justice on the
13th May 2014 sent shockwaves down the internet community when it
ruled that ordinary citizens have the right to request the removal of links
about them from Google’s search results because the lapse of time from the
original publication of the information on the Internet made such links “irrelevant
and outdated”.
The decision revolved around a request made by a Spaniard
against Google wherein he claimed that Google’s indexing of a 1998 story regarding
the re-possession of his house and which featured on a Spanish electronic news
site breached his privacy, especially when you consider that a Google search
for his name still featured the story prominently.
The decision is setting a major precedent to principle of
the ‘right to be forgotten’ as proposed in the new EU General Data Protection
Regulation. The Court however added that such right is not absolute, especially
when particular reasons exist such as the data subject’s role played in public
life.
Whilst Google initially stated that the decision was “disappointing”,
EU Commissioner Viviane Reading hailed it as a “clear victory of the protection
of personal data of Europeans”. Only a few days later, Google launched its
service to allow EU citizens to request for the removal of personal data from
its search results where it will assess each request and balance “privacy
rights of the individual with the public’s right to know and distribute
information”.
It will indeed be very difficult to balance our personal
right to privacy with the public’s right to know This will create an incredibly
huge bureaucratic burden on Google, as well as other tech companies, which may
be tempted to just accede to the requests received without entering into the
merits as to whether the right to be forgotten, or the right to oblivion, should
apply in that particular case in consideration.
Many are those who are saying that the effects of this
landmark ruling might potentially stifle innovation and the way in which
technology is changing our social norms and hunger for information will surely
feel the effects of this judgment. Other commentators went as far as claiming
that this might push technology related investment out of Europe. Wikipedia
founder Jimmy Wales heavily criticized the judgement terming it “wide-sweeping
internet censorship”. I believe that the truth lies somewhere in between and
much will depend on the way in which the right to be forgotten will develop and
be applied in practice.
It is still early to establish the effect that this decision
will have on our ability to control our personal data, our right to
informational self-determination. This ECJ judgement points the way towards the
possibility of internet users to take back control of their online information
and pushes data protection principles into the 21st century. These
concepts, also re-affirmed by the EU General Data Protection Regulation
including the right to be forgotten, privacy by design, and privacy by default,
will indisputably have an effect on technological innovation. The trick will
be, as always, to strike the right balance which might prove to be a chimera.
Way back in 1984 Scottish band Simple Minds were offered to
record a track that had already been declined by others, most notably Billy
Idol and Brian Ferry. The result was a smash hit that catapulted Simple Minds to
stadium rock stardom. Thirty years ago, during the “digital stone age”, internet
search engines were still a fantasy with exception for the academic writings of
Professor Gerald Salton. Thirty years later, nobody can fathom internet life
without Google. Our ability to find everything on the net through Google is
shaping our whole lives. Google is always there for us when we need it and its
search algorithms and indexing mechanisms are constantly being fine-tuned for
that same purpose.
One can reminisce the lyrics of the Simple Minds’ track: “Won't
you come see about me?, I'll be alone, dancing, you know it baby,
Tell me your troubles and doubts, Giving me everything inside and out”.
Even though the ECJ ruled that the link on Google’s result
should be removed, it did not order the removal of the original story on the
Spanish news site. This is somehow also reflected in the EU General Data
Protection Regulation which provides wide exceptions arising from journalistic freedoms.
Google and the original publisher of the story are two distinct and separate
data controllers with distinctive rights and obligations.
But the Internet is more than Google. The internet never
forgets. It will still know your troubles and doubts and wants your everything,
inside and out. The fact that Google’s crawling might not be part of that
equation is only part of the story.
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